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Um katta- og hundasnýkjudýr í sandkössum

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Authors
Heiðdís Smáradóttir
Karl Skírnisson
Issue Date
1996-09-01

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Other Titles
Zoonotic parasites of cats and dogs found in playground sandboxes in the Reykjavik area, Iceland
Citation
Læknablaðið 1996, 82(9): 627-30, 632-4
Abstract
Recent surveys on the parasites of household cats and dogs in Iceland have revealed the zoonotic protozoans Cryptosporidium parvwn and Toxoplasma gondii and the zoonotic nematodes Toxocara cati and T. canis. Furthermore, a Giardia sp., recently found in cats in Iceland, is also suspected to be a zoonotic parasite. In Iceland children frequently play in open sandboxes commonly found at kindergartens, in public areas or in private gardens. During the cold months of the year, when the soil is frequently frozen, cats frequently visit these sandboxes and dig their faeces in the dry and loose sand. To evaluate the risk of zoonotic infections, altogether 32 sandboxes in the Reykjavik area in SW-Iceland were examined for the presence of cat and dog protozoan and helminth parasites. Systematically collected sand samples (30 ml sand from every square meter of each sandbox), altogether 411 samples, were examined by a modified salt flotation technique. Furthermore, cat and dog faeces were collected from the surface of the sandboxes and also by sieving approximately five liters of sand from every square meter of each sandbox. The faecal samples found were examined by salt flotation and the formalin-ethylacetate concentration method.
Tilgangur: Tilgangur rannsóknarinnar var að kanna hvaða sníkjudýr er að finna í sandkössum á leiksvæðum barna hér á landi, ræða hættuna sem mönnum stafar af hunda- og kattasníkjudýrum og tilgreina leiðir sem miða að því að minnka hættuna á því að menn verði fyrir sníkjudýrasmiti frá hundum og köttum. Efniviður og aðferðir: Leitað var að sníkjudýrum í 411 sandsýnum úr 32 sandkössum með saltfleytiaðferð. Einnig var leitað að katta- og hundaskít í sandkössunum og rannsakað með saltfleytiaðferð og formalín-etýlasetat botnfellingaraðferð hvaða sníkjudýr voru í saurnum. Niðurstöður: Egg kattaspóluorms Toxocara cati fundust í sandsýnum úr þremur kössum (9%), egg „Ijónaspóluormsins" Toxascaris leonina í tveimur kössum (6%) og egg hundaspóluormsins Toxocara canis í einum kassa (3%). Katta- eða hundaskítur fannst í 21 kassa (66%). Þolhjúpar bogfrymils Toxoplasma gondii og þolhjúpar svipudýrsins Giardia sp. fundust í kattaskít úr sitt hvorum kassanum (5%). Ályktun: Að minnsta kosti þrjár tegundir sníkjudýra, katta- og hundaspóluormarnir T. cati og T. canis auk bogfrymilsins T. gondii fundust í sandkössum á leiksvæðum barna í Reykjavik og Kópavogi. Allar þessar tegundir geta lifað í mönnum og valdið í þeim sjúkdómum. Fjórða tegundin, svipudýrið Giardia sp. fannst einnig í kattaskít en skiptar skoðanir em um hvort þessi tegund er sú sama og veldur oft alvarlegum niðurgangi í mönnum.
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