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Fæðingarþunglyndi : algengi, afleiðingar og helstu áhættuþættir

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Authors
Linda Bára Lýðsdóttir
Halldóra Ólafsdóttir
Jón Friðrik Sigurðsson
Issue Date
2008

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Other Titles
Postpartum depression: Prevalance, consequences and main predictors
Citation
Sálfræðiritið 2008, 13:171-85
Abstract
Í þessari grein er fjallað um rannsóknir á algengi og afleiðingum fæðingarþunglyndis ásamt helstu áhrifaþáttum í þróun þess. Margar rannsóknir á fæðingarþunglyndi hafa verið gerðar undanfarin ár. Algengi þess er talið vera frá 10 til 15% sem er svipað og hjá konum á sama aldri sem ekki eru þungaðar. Einkenni fæðingarþunglyndis eru þau sömu og í alvarlegu þunglyndi en þurfa skv. DSM-IV-TR greiningarkerfinu að hafa komið fram innan við fjórum vikum frá barnsburð. Ekki eru allir fræðimenn sammála þessu og hafa önnur viðmið verið notuð í rannsóknum. Konur með fæðingarþunglyndi þjást oft af kvíðaeinkennum en kvíði eftir barnsburð hefur lítið verið rannsakaður. Sama má segja um þunglyndi og kvíða á meðgöngu sem eru með helstu áhættuþáttum fæðingarþunglyndis. Aðrir áhættuþættir fæðingarþunglyndis er svipaðir og áhættuþættir alvarlegs þunglyndis en erfiðlega hefur tekist að sýna fram á tengsl hormónabreytinga sem verða í kjölfar barnsburðar við fæðingarþunglyndi. Það er því enn óljóst hvort um undirflokk þunglyndis er að ræða og enn mörgum spurningum ósvarað. Ný íslensk langtímarannsókn sem fór af stað fyrir þremur árum mun leitast við að svara einhverjum af þeim spurningum en fyrstu niðurstöður eru væntalegar á þessu ári.
In the past years many studies on postpartum depression have been published. The prevalence of postpartum depression has been reported from 10-15% which is similar to the prevalence of depression in non-pregnant women at the same age. The symptoms of postpartum depression are the same as in major depression but according to DSM-IV-TR they have to appear within four weeks after delivery. However, experts do not agree on that criterion. Many women with postpartum depression suffer from anxiety but only few researchers have focused on the symptoms of anxiety. There is also little research on depression and anxiety during pregnancy, although they are main risk factors for postpartum depression. Other risk factors for postpartum depression are similar to risk factors for major depression and only few studies have been able to show a relationship between postpartum depression and the hormonal changes that occur after childbirth. Therefore the aetiology of postpartum depression remains unclear and many questions are still to be answered. Three years ago an Icelandic longitudinal study was initiated in which some of these questions will be answered and preliminary results are expected within a year.
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