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Carcinoma ani á Íslandi 1987-2003 : lýðgrunduð rannsókn

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Authors
Halla Viðarsdóttir
Páll Helgi Möller
Jakob Jóhannsson
Jón Gunnlaugur Jónasson
Issue Date
2006-05-01

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Other Titles
Anal cancer in Iceland 1987-2003. A population based study
Citation
Læknablaðið 2006, 92(5):365-72
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Anal cancer is a rare disease. The aim of this study was to describe anal cancer in Iceland in 1987-2003 with respect to incidence, histologic type, treatment, recurrence rate and survival. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study in which all malignant anal tumours diagnosed in Iceland in the period 1987-2003 were reviewed with respect to patient outcome. Information was obtained from hospitals registers. All histological material was reviewed by a consultant histopathologist (JGJ). This is a nationwide, population-based study of malignant tumours of the anal region. RESULTS: From 1987-2003 thirty-eight patients were diagnosed with anal cancer, 28 females and 10 males. The average age at diagnosis was 63.4 years. Age standardized incidence rates for anal cancer in Iceland were 0.3 (+/-0.2) of 100.000 males and 0.9 (+/-0.4) of 100.000 females. Most patients had squamous cell carcinoma (n=30). The remaining histologic types were malignant melanoma (n=3), adenosquamous carcinoma (n=1), adenocarcinoma (n=1), GIST (n=1) and undifferentiated carcinoma (n=2). The most common symptoms were rectal bleeding (n=27), mass lesion (n=28), pain (n=19) and pruritus (n=4). Most patients had more than one symptom. The duration of symptoms before diagnosis ranged from 2 weeks to 96 months (mean value 3.5 months). Treatment modalities used were chemotherapy (n=12), radiotherapy (n=25) and local excision (n=18) and/or APR (n=5). One patient received no treatment. Many patients were treated with more than one treatment modality (n=18). Twelve patients had recurrent cancer. The mean value of the time from diagnosis of the primary to the recurrent cancer was 15.6 months (range, 5.9-117). Sixteen patients remain with disease and ten have died of anal cancer. The five year survival rate for patients diagnosed in the years 1987 to 1998 is 75% but cancer-specific survival is 82%. CONCLUSION: Age-standardized incidence for anal cancer in Iceland is similar to other regions. Average age at diagnosis, male-female ratio and prognosis is similar to reports in other studies. The proportion of adenocarcinoma of the anus is lower in Iceland than elsewhere.
Inngangur: Krabbamein í daus (anal cancer) er sjaldgæfur sjúkdómur og úttekt á honum hefur ekki áður verið gerð á Íslandi. Markmið þessarar rannsóknar er að lýsa krabbameini í daus á Íslandi á sautján ára tímabili með tilliti til nýgengis, vefja-gerðar, meðferðar, endurkomu og lifunar. Efniviður og aðferðir: Afturskyggn rannsókn var gerð á sjúklingum sem greindust með krabbamein í daus á Íslandi á árunum 1987-2003. Upplýsingar voru fengnar úr sjúkraskrám þessara einstaklinga. Vefjasýni frá öllum sjúklingunum voru skoðuð og endurmetin af sama meinafræðingi. Rannsóknin nær til alls landsins og er því lýðgrunduð rannsókn. Niðurstöður: Alls greindust 38 sjúklingar með krabbamein í daus á tímabilinu, 28 konur og 10 karlar. Meðalaldur þeirra var 63,4 ár (bil, 33-92). Aldursstaðlað nýgengi fyrir Ísland á rannsóknartímabilinu er 0,3 (+/-0,2) af hverjum 100.000 körlum en 0,9 (+/-0,4) af hverjum 100.000 konum. Flestir sjúklingarnir voru með flöguþekjukrabbamein (n=30) en aðrar vefjagerðir voru sortuæxli (n=3), kirtil-flöguþekjukrabbamein (n=1), kirtilfrumukrabbamein (n=1), GIST (n=1) og óþroskað krabbamein (n=2). Helstu einkenni voru blæðing frá endaþarmi (n=27), fyrirferð (n=28), sársauki (n=19) og kláði (n=4) og voru flestir sjúklingarnir með fleiri en eitt einkenni. Tímalengd einkenna var 3,5 mánuðir (bil, 0,5-96) að miðgildi. Meðferð var lyfjameðferð (n=12), geislameðferð (n=25) og staðbundið brottnám (n=18) og/eða APR (n=5). Einn sjúklingur fékk enga meðferð. Margir sjúklinganna fengu fleiri en eina meðferð (n=18). Tólf sjúklingar fengu endurkomu sjúkdóms. Tíminn frá greiningu og að endurkomu var 15,6 mánuðir (bil, 5,9-117) að miðgildi. Sextán sjúklingar eru látnir þar af tíu af völdum krabbameins í daus. Fimm ára lifun þeirra sem greindust 1987-1998 var 75% í heild, en 82% ef einungis er tekið mið af þeim sem létust úr sjúkdómnum. Ályktun: Nýgengi krabbameins í daus á Íslandi er sambærilegt við það sem þekkist erlendis. Meðalaldur, kynjahlutfall og horfur er svipað og þekkist annars staðar. Lægra hlutfall kirtilfrumukrabbameins greinist hér á landi.
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http://www.laeknabladid.is/2006/05/nr/2365
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