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Hugarhagir sjónskertra og blindra

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Authors
Sigrún Júlíusdóttir
Jón Sigurður Karlsson
Issue Date
2000

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Citation
Sálfræðiritið 2000, 6:35-44
Abstract
Markhópur rannsóknarinnar var allir blindir og sjónskertir íslendingar á aldrinum 18-69 ára samkvæmt skrám Sjónstöðvar islands, 167 einstaklingar, auk 100 manna úrtaks blindra og sjónskertra á aldrinum 70-97 ára. Upplýsingar um sjón og augnsjúkdóma voru notaðar til að flokka hópinn eftir sjónskerðingarstigi. Þátttakendur voru spurðir í síma um atriði er tengjast innri og ytri kjörum þeirra. Bornar voru saman breytur, annars vegar sjónskerðingarstig og önnur augnlæknisfræðileg atriði, hins vegar ýmis einkenni um andlega og líkamlega vanlíðan. Einnig var reynt að skoða hugrænan viðbragðs- og aðlögunarmáta, þ.e. hugrænan stíl. Helsta tölfræðiaðferð var kí-kvaðrat. Niðurstöður gefa til kynna að tíðni áleitinna hugsana, kreppuástands, einangrunar- og einmanakenndar eykst eftir því sem sjónskerðing er meiri. Það sama gilti að nokkru um þunglyndiseinkenni. Aðdragandi sjónskerðingar skipti líka máli. Þeir sem misstu sjón snögglega sýndu oftar merki um vanlíðan en þeir sem voru fæddir blindir eða urðu fyrir sjónskerðingu á lengri tíma. Tilhneiging til að einblína á sjónskerðinguna sem orsök vandræða á flestum sviðum virtist leiða af sér hættu á vanlíðan.
The target group was all blind and visually impaired Icelanders (n= 167) aged 18-69 years registered by the Icelandic Low Vision Clinic and a sample (n= 100) aged 70-97 years. Information about visual status and eye diseases was used to categorize according to degree of visual impairment. The participants were interviewed about psychological and practical aspects of their lives. Variables concerning visual status were compared with various symptoms of mental and physical distress. Furthermore, cognitive and coping styles were examined. The chi-square was the main test of statistical significance. The results suggest that frequency of intrusive thoughts, crises, feelings of isolation and loneliness, increases with higher degree of visual impairment. That was partially so for depressive symptoms. The antecedents of visual impairment also play a role. Those who lost vision suddenly had more frequent symptoms of distress than those who were born with visual impairment or lost it gradually. A tendency to focus on the visual impairment as a cause of difficulties in other fields appeared to increase the risk of distress.
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Icelandic Journal Articles (Peer Reviewed)

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