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Áfallaröskun og sálræn viðbrögð meðal íslenskra þolenda jarðskjálfta

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Authors
Íris Böðvarsdóttir
Elklit, Ask
Issue Date
2003

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Citation
Sálfræðiritið 2003, 8:21-38
Abstract
Tilgangur: að rannsaka sálfræðilegar afleiðingar tveggja jarðskjálfta á Íslandi í tveimur líkindaúrtökum - íbúa svæðis sem varð fyrir jarðskjálfta og viðmiðunarhópi frá svæði þar sem jarðskjálftans varð ekki vart. Þátttakendur: 52 fullorðnir einstaklingar sem urðu fyrir jarðskjálfta og 29 einstaklingar í viðmiðunarhópi. Aðferðir: Báðir hópar tóku þátt í að svara spurningalista sem samanstóð af Harvard Trauma Questionnnaire (HTQ), Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC), Coping Style Questionnaire (CSQ), World Assumption Scale (WAS) og Crisis Support Scale (CSS). Niðurstöður: 24% þeirra sem orðið höfðu fyrir jarðskjálftanum greindust með áfallaröskun, en enginn í viðmiðunarhópnum. Kvíði tengdur jarðskjálftum, vangeta við að tjá eigin hugsanir og tilfinningar, og tilfinningamiðuð úrvinnsla í kjölfar áfallsins voru spágildi fyrir 81% HTQ dreifninnar fyrir báða hópa. Fyrri lífsreynsla, lítil sjálfsvirðing og trú á heppni, ásamt doða og þeirri tilfinningu að aðrir hafi brugðist skýrðu 56% dreifninnar í sjúkdóms einkennum hjá báðum hópum. Þegar magni áfalls og tilfinningamiðaðri úrvinnslu var bætt í líkanið skýrðust 30% dreifninnar til viðbótar.
Purpose: To explore the psychological consequences of two earthquakes in Iceland in two probability samples of subjects - residents in the exposed area and a control group from an unexposed area. Subjects: 52 adults exposed to the earthquakes and 29 adults in a control group. Method: Three months after the earthquakes, both groups were approached with questions from a survey consisting of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ), the Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC), the Coping Styles Questionnaire (CSQ), the World Assumption Scale (WAS), and the Crisis Support Scale (CSS). Results: 24% in the exposed group had Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and none in the control group had PTSD. Earthquake-related anxiety, inability to express ones thoughts and feelings, and emotional coping predicted 81% of the HTQ variance for both groups. Previous life events, low self-worth, and luck attributions, together with numbing and the feeling of being let down, predicted 56% of the symptom variance for both groups. When degree of traumatization and emotional coping were added to the model, another 30% of the variance could be explained.
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