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Áhrif atferlismeðferðar á ung börn með einhverfu

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Authors
Sigríður Lóa Jónsdóttir
Issue Date
2000

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Citation
Sálfræðiritið 2000, 6:89-105
Abstract
Langtímarannsóknir hafa sýnt að þeir sem greinast með einhverfu búa flestir við umtalsverða fötlun til lífstíðar. Framfarir í meðferð hafa á síðasta áratug vakið upp von um að hafa megi veruleg áhrif á horfur. Rannsóknir á atferlismeðferð ungra barna með einhverfu hafa vakið mikla athygli vegna þess árangurs sem náðst hefur. Þekktust er rannsókn Lovaas og samstarfsaðila hans (Lovaas, 1987; McEachin, Smith og Lovaas, 1993) þar sem tæplega helmingur barna í tilraunahópi, sem fékk öfluga og yfirgripsmikla atferlismeðferð, náði þroska jafnaldra sinna. Fjallað er um þessar niðurstöður í ljósi þeirrar gagnrýni sem beinst hefur að rannsókninni. Með hliðsjón af fyrirliggjandi rannsóknum á þessu sviði verður leitast við að svara því hvort atferlismeðferð geti í raun leitt til meiri framfara en hingað til hefur verið talið mögulegt. Ályktanir eru dregnar um þau skilyrði sem þurfa að vera fyrir hendi til þess að atferlismeðferð geti stuðlað að hámarksárangri hjá börnum með einhverfu.
Longitudinal studies have shown that the majority of those diagnosed with autism has a considerable life-long handicap. Advances in therapy, during the last decade, have given hope that the prognosis may be influenced to a considerable degree. Research on early behavioral intervention of children with autism has gained much attention. Best known is the study of Lovaas and his associates (Lovaas, 1987; McEachin, Smith and Lovaas, 1993) which showed that almost half of the children in an experimental group, who received intensive and comprehensive behavioral treatment achieved normal functioning. These results are discussed here in the light of the criticism that has been directed towards the study, as well as the results of other related studies in this field, in an attempt to answer if behavioral treatment can indeed promote better outcome for these children than has been thought possible. Conclusions are drawn about conditions that must be met in order to promote optimal result with behavioral intervention of children with autism.
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Icelandic Journal Articles (Peer Reviewed)

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