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Depurð ungs fólks og uppeldisaðferðir foreldra : langtímarannsókn

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Authors
Sigrún Aðalbjarnardóttir
Kristín Lilja Garðarsdóttir
Issue Date
2004

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Citation
Sálfræðiritið 2004, 9:151-66
Abstract
Tengsl á milli uppeldishátta foreldra og depurðar ungs fólks voru athuguð á 15. aldursári (þversnið) og aftur þegar það var komið vel á 22. aldursár (langtímasnið). Rannsóknin byggir á gögnum úr viðamikilli langtímarannsókn á áhættuhegðun reykvískra ungmenna. Þessum hluta rannsóknarinnar svaraði 491 þátttakandi (60% stúlkur). Uppeldishættir voru flokkaðir í fernt: (1) viðurkenning og mikil samheldni, (2) viðurkenning og lítil samheldni, (3) sálræn stjórn og mikil samheldni, (4) sálræn stjórn og lítil samheldni. Stjórnað var fyrir áhrifum kynferðis og lundernis. Niðurstöður benda til þess aö þeir unglingar sem töldu sig búa við viðurkenningu og samheldni (nr. 1) við 14 ára aldur höfðu minnstu depurðareinkennin á þeim aldri. Hins vegar reyndust þeir 14 ára unglingar sem töldu sig búa við sálræna stjórn og litla samheldni (nr. 4) hafa mestu depurðareinkennin. Forspá uppeldishátta foreldra við 14 ára aldur unglinganna um depurð þeirra við 21 árs aldur var á svipuðum nótum. Þó kom í ljós að þeir unglingar sem töldu sig búa við viðurkenningu við 14 ára aldur höfðu minnstu depurðareinkennin 21 árs gamlir hvort sem viðurkenningunni fylgdi mikil eða lítil samheldni. Þá reyndust þeir unglingar sem töldu sig búa við sálræna stjórn við 14 ára aldur hafa mestu depurðareinkennin við 21 árs aldur hvort sem stjórninni fylgdi mikil eða lítil samheldni. Hlutfallslega fleiri stúlkur en piltar reyndust við 14 ára aldur hafa depurðareinkenni, en sá munur kom ekki fram við 21 árs aldur. Almennt reyndust depurðareinkenni minni við 21 árs aldur en 14 ára aldur.
The relationship between adolescent perceived parenting styles and their depressed mood was examined at the age of 14 (concurrently), and again at the age of 21 (longitudinally). The data is from a large longitudinal study on adolescent risk behavior. The participants in the study were 491 (60% girls). The parenting styles were grouped into four categories: 1) autonomy and high involvement, 2) autonomy and low involvement, 3) psychological control and high involvement, 4) psychological control and low involvement. After controlling for participants' gender and temperament, results indicated that the adolescents who considered themselves raised by autonomy and high involvement (no.l), at the age of 14 were least likely to show characteristics of depressed mood at the age of 14. In contrast, adolescents who considered themselves raised by psychological control and low involvement (no. 4) seemed to be most likely to show characteristics of depressed mood at the age of 14. Also, parenting styles at age 14 predicted the young people's depressed mood when they had turned 21. Adolescents, who considered themselves raised by autonomy at the age of 14, had the lowest depressed mood characteristics at the age of 21, regardless of whether they experienced high or low involvement. In contrast, adolescents who considered themselves raised by psychological control at the age of 14, had the highest depressed mood characteristics at the age of 21, regardless of whether they experienced high or low involvement. Furthermore, at age 14, girls were more inclined to show characteristics of depressed mood than the boys. At the age of 21, however, there was no gender difference in depressed mood. Finally, in general the participants were less inclined to show characteristics of depressed mood at the age of 21 than at 14.
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