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Áhrif leikskóladvalar og atvinnuþáttöku mæðra á þroska leikskólabarna

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Authors
Einar Ingi Magnússon
Issue Date
1992

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Sálfræðiritið 1992, 3:15-24
Abstract
Greint er frá niðurstöðum úr tveimur rannsóknum á áhrifum dvalar á hefðbundinni og Montessori-leikskóladeild, lengd dvalar á leikskóla og atvinnuþátttöku mæðra á mál-, hreyfi-, persónu- og félagsþroska barna á aldrinum 3 til 6 ára. Í fyrri rannsókninni (7V=33) voru ofangreindir þroskaþættir metnir tvisvar með 7 mánaða millibili, með þroskaprófi Griffiths fyrir 2 til 8 ára börn og Íslenska þroskalistanum fyrir 3 til 6 ára börn. Marktækt samband kom fram á milli lengd dvalar á leikskóla og aukins þroska á einum þroskaþætti þroskaprófsins og tveimur þroskaþáttum þroskalistans og á milli aukins þroska barnanna og útivinnu mæðra á tveimur þáttum þroskaprófsins. Hins vegar var engin munur á framförum barnanna, á 7 mánaða tímabili, á ofangreindum þroskasviðum, eftir því hvort þau dvöldu á hefðbundinni eða Montessori-leikskóladeild. Í seinni rannsókninni (N=107) voru áhrif lengd dvalar á leikskóla, útivinna mæðra og kynjamismunur á þroska barnanna könnuð nánar. Íslenski þroskalistinn og McCarthy-þroskaprófið voru notuð til að meta þroska barnanna. Marktækt samband kom fram á milli aukins þroska barna og útivinnu mæðra á einum þroskaþætti þroskalistans. Stúlkur mældust hærra en drengir á þremur þroskaþáttum. Enginn munur mældist á þroska barnanna eftir lengd dvalar á leikskóla.
Results from two studies are reported. In the first study (N=33), verbal, motor and personal-social development of two groups of children were compared within the same preschool, one from a Montessori-unit and the other from a conventional unit. No developmental differences were found between children of the two preschool units. Children of employed mothers showed more developmental progress in several develpmental domains than children of mothers working at home, especially girls. The period of stay in preschool had general effects on the children's development, but boys benefited more from a longer stay than girls. In the latter study (N=\01) effects of different periods of stay in preschool and employment of mothers on their children's development were further observed. Children of employed mothers were superior to children of homemakers in fine motor skills. In general, girls were superior to boys and scored higher on several developmental areas. However, no developmental difference was found between children staying for a short and a long period of time in preschool.
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