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Húsasótt : könnun á líðan fólks á 10 vinnustöðum

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Authors
Vilhjálmur Rafnsson
Hólmfríður K. Gunnarsdóttir
Soffía G. Jóhannesdóttir
Issue Date
1991-03-01

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Citation
Læknablaðið 1991, 77(3):91-6
Abstract
A cross sectional study investigating »sick building syndrome« was carried out in eight buildings, ten workplaces, with a questionnaire. The questionnaire was administrated by mail or at the workplace. The investigations were either done at request because of complaints or by the initiative of the researchers. In houses which were ventilated solely through the windows, where there was no mechanical ventilation or humidifiers the workers had the lowest prevalence of symptoms. In houses with mechanical ventilation, which, all but one, were also humidified, there was higher prevalence of symptoms compared with the naturally ventilated houses, regardless of the reason for studying the house. The serum titer for precipitating antibodies against antigens from humidifiers was not higher among workers in houses with humidifiers than in workers from a control house indicating that the symptoms were neither prevented or caused by the exposure to humidifiers. It is concluded that the most »healthy« houses are those ventilated through the windows, without recirculation of air and without humidifiers. Sick building syndrome appears to exist in Iceland, but the present study does not deal with its prevalence.
Þversniðsathugun á fyrirbærinu húsasótt (sick building syndrome) var gerð meðal fólks í átta húsum, en á 10 vinnustöðum. Notaður var spurningalisti sem ýmist var sendur fólki í pósti eða lagður fyrir það á vinnustaðnum. Athuganirnar voru ýmist gerðar að beiðni, vegna kvartana folks um vanlíðan, eða að frumkvæði rannsakenda sjálfra. Í húsum sem loftræst voru um glugga og dyr og þar sem ekki voru neinir rakagjafar fann folk fyrir minnstum óþægindum. Í húsum sem voru með vélrænni loftræstingu og öll með rakagjöf, utan eitt, hafði fólk meiri einkenni en í gluggaloftræstu húsunum hvort sem litið var eingöngu á þau hús sem athuguð voru að beiðni, vegna kvartana, eða hin sem athuguð voru til samanburðar. Tíðni augneinkenna var til dæmis 17.1% í gluggaloftræstu húsunum en frá 28.2-66.3% í húsum með vélrænni loftræstingu. Samsvarandi tölur vegna óþæginda í nefi voru 10.5% í gluggaloftræstu húsunum á móti 19.2-60.7% í þeim vélrænt loftræstu. Í gluggaloftræstum húsum kvörtuðu 13.3% undan óeðlilegri þreytu, en tíðni slíkra kvartana var 19.2-53.6% í hinum húsunum og samsvarandi tölur vegna höfuðverks voru 11.4% á móti 21.2-51.7%. Athugun á fellirriótefnum, sem var gerð í fimm húsum, benti ekki til að einkenni folks mætti rekja til mengunar örvera úr rakagjöfum. Heilsusamlegustu húsin virðast vera þau sem loftræst eru með opnanlegum gluggum, þar sem hvorki er vélræn endurnýting loftsins né rakagjöf.
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