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Orf eða kindabóla

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L1990-06-76-F5.PDF
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Authors
Stefán Steinsson
Sigurbjörn Sveinsson
Issue Date
1990-08-15

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Citation
Læknablaðið 1990, 76(6):113-7
Abstract
Ecthyma contagiosum or »orf« has only rarely been reported in Iceland. As in every sheep-rearing population, however, it is probably more common than expected. We report three cases. One was a countryside housewife who had been handling an orf infected lamb, whose dam had an infection on the udder. The housewife developed a typical lesion on an index finger and the route of infection was clear. She healed with some minor complications. In the second case the route of infection was clear too. A farmer developed nine or ten orf blisters on an index finger after feeding tablets into the mouth of an infected lamb. His infection was complicated by a mild lymphangitis and presumably erythema multiforme on the elbow. The third case, a boy with orf who developed axillar lymphadenitis, healed normally. Those three cases were diagnosed in July, June and December respectively. Furthermore a case is discussed, where a minister's wife contracted a typical orf infection on her finger, without any contact with sheep or sheep handling implements. She had, however, been shaking hands with a group of sheep fanners on a special occasion at the vicarage. It is likely that she caught the infection from a farmer's hand, presumably immune, since none of the farmers had clinical orf. Although not reported, it is our belief, that human hands can carry the virus as easily as the generally accepted utensils and mutton. In none of our cases was an electromicroscopical study performed. The purpose of this report is to remind our colleagues about a potentially common disease, to which, however, too little attention has been paid.
Sjúkdómur einn heitir »orf« í erlendum ritum. Þetta er búfjárkvilli, en getur þó borist til manna. Honum var lýst árið 1787 í sauðfé (getið í 1), 1879 í geitum (getið í 2) og 1934 í mönnum (3). Hann er ekki algengur og hefur vafist fyrir læknum að greina hann og meðhöndla rétt. Því er vakin athygli á honum hér. Á íslensku gengur sjúkdómurinn undir mismunandi nöfnum eftir héruðum: Skagfirðingar kalla hann hornabólu en Skaftfellingar sláturbólu. Hvorugt nafnið er allsendis réttnefni, eins og lesendur munu sjá. Lambabóla, bændabóla og kindabóla koma til greina. Orf er erlent alþýðunafn. Það mun komið úr fornsaxnesku, skylt orðinu sem á þeirri tungu þýðir naut (4). Einn höfundur segir það af sama stofni og íslenska orðið »hrufa« (5). Á fræðimáli er sjúkdómurinn oftast nefndur ecthyma contagiosum (4) en stundum dermatitis pustularis contagiosa (6). Síðara nafnið lýsir honum betur, en er öllu stirðara. Enskir kalla þetta ýmist orf, »soremouth« eða »scabby mouth«, og eru þá að tala um sauðfé, einnig »sheep pox« um menn. Þýskir tala um »Lámmergrind« (7). Í þessu skrifi höfum við eftir nokkrar vangaveltur valið nafnið kindabóla. Ekki er örgrannt um að menn kalli ýmis þau kýli sláturbólu, sem í sláturtíðinni fást, þar með taldar meðfærilegar bakteríusýkingar. Því er sláturbólunafnið ónákvæmt. Hornabóla er eina lifandi nafnið sem nothæft væri, ef forðast ætti nýyrðasmíð. Af neðanskrifuðu má þó sjá, að ekki smitast meinið af hornum einum. Því er leið nýyrðasmíða farin og kindabóla er ágætlega lýsandi nafn. Hér skal, áður en rætt er um eðli meinsins, drepa á nokkur sjúkratilfelli, sem höfundar hafa sjálfir stundað, eða haft spurnir af.
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Icelandic Journal Articles (Peer Reviewed)

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