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Spennuvisnun (Dystrophia Myotonica : almennt yfirlit og algengi á Íslandi

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Authors
Gerður Leifsdóttir
John Benedikz
Guðjón Jóhannesson
Jón Jóhannes Jónsson
Sigurlaug Svein­björnsdóttir
Issue Date
2005-11-01

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Other Titles
Prevalence of myotonic dystrophy in Iceland
Citation
Læknablaðið 2005, 91(11):829-34
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Epidemiologic studies of Myotonic Dystrophy (Dystrophic Myotony, DM) have shown variable regional prevalence from 0,46 to 189/105. We carried out a total population survey of DM in Iceland in 2004 having Oct. 31 as the day of prevalence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients were collected from multiple sources, including Landspitali University Hospital registry and through contact with neurologists, neuropaediatricians, paediatricians and rehabilitation specialists. All EMGs of DM patients were reviewed. Information was gathered about age, age of onset, family history of DM and clinical symptoms. RESULTS: Eighty-two patients were ascertained giving a crude prevalence of 28.2/105. The prevalence of the congenital form of DM was 7.9/105 (23 patients, 26%). Affected females outnumbered males with a gender ratio of 1.2:1 (NS). Mean age of onset of symptoms for those, who didn't have the congenital form was 27.5 years (range 5-70 years). Ten families with DM were identified and all prevalent patients belonged to those families. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of DM is high in Iceland and higher than generally reported. This study showed a three times higher total prevalence and a seven times higher prevalence of congenital DM than found in a previous study in Iceland. We believe that this increase in prevalence probably reflects increased awareness of inherited diseases in neonates and better detection of patients who have mild symptoms.
Tilgangur: Að kanna algengi spennuvisnunar (Dystrophia Myotonica, DM) á Íslandi. Efniviður og aðferðir: Skimun var gerð á íslenskum sjúklingum með vöðvavisnunargreiningar á Landspítala, hjá taugalæknum, taugalífeðlisfræðingum, barnalæknum og endurhæfingarlæknum. Upplýsinga var aflað úr sjúkraskrám varðandi aldur, kyn, aldur við byrjun einkenna, einkenni og ættarsögu um DM. Niðurstöður: Alls fundust 82 einstaklingar með staðfesta DM-greiningu og var algengið á Íslandi 28,2/105. 26% sjúklinga höfðu meðfætt form sjúkdómsins. Meðalaldur við byrjun einkenna var 27,5 ára hjá þeim, sem ekki höfðu meðfædda formið (bil 5-70 ára) og meðalaldur við rannsókn var 43,5 ára fyrir allan hópinn (bil 1-85 ára). Sjúkdómurinn var heldur algengari meðal kvenna, 44 konur á móti 38 körlum. Könnun á innbyrðis skyldleika sjúklinga leiddi í ljós að sjúkdómurinn finnst meðal 10 íslenskra fjölskyldna. Ályktun: Spennuvisnun er algengari á Íslandi en sýnt hefur fram á í flestum þeim faraldsfræði­rannsóknum sem gerðar hafa verið erlendis. Í þessari rannsókn fannst þrefalt hærra algengi en í rannsókn Kjartans Guðmundssonar frá árunum 1954-64 og hlutfall sjúklinga með meðfædda spennuvisnun var sjöfalt hærra en í rannsókn hans. Líklega má rekja hærra algengi til betri greiningar á sjúkdómnum við tilkomu erfðarannsókna og meiri árvekni fyrir erfðasjúkdómum meðal lækna hérlendis.
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